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Faced with budget problems and an aging population, European governments in recent years have begun reconsidering the structure and extent of the welfare state. Guarantees and directives have given way to responsibilities and choice. This volume analyzes the effect of this change on the citizens of Germany, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. It traces the emergence of new discourses around social movements for greater independence, power, and control, and the way these discourses serve to reframe the struggle at hand. Making use of ethnographic research and policy analysis, the authors analyze the cultural transition, tensions, and trajectory of this call toward active citizenship.

Welfare state --- Public welfare --- Social welfare --- Politics --- HB 846 Welfare theory - General works --- Politics and culture --- Burgerschap / gtt. --- Verzorgingsstaat / gtt. --- Citizen participation. --- History --- Europe, Western -- Social policy -- Citizen participation. --- Politics and culture -- Europe -- Citizen participation. --- Welfare state -- Europe, Western -- History -- 21st century. --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Conditions --- Citizen participation --- Burgerschap. --- Verzorgingsstaat. --- Europe, Western --- Social policy --- State, Welfare --- Culture --- Culture and politics --- Political aspects --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Economic policy --- State, The --- Welfare economics --- Community organization

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This state-of-the-art volume presents comparative, empirical research on a topic that has long preoccupied scholars, politicians, and everyday citizens: economic inequality. While income and wealth inequality across all populations is the primary focus, the contributions to this book pay special attention to the middle class, a segment often not addressed in inequality literature. Written by leading scholars in the field of economic inequality, all 17 chapters draw on microdata from the databases of LIS, an esteemed cross-national data center based in Luxembourg. Using LIS data to structure a comparative approach, the contributors paint a complex portrait of inequality across affluent countries at the beginning of the 21st century. The volume also trail-blazes new research into inequality in countries newly entering the LIS databases, including Japan, Iceland, India, and South Africa.

Social stratification --- Income --- Economics --- Sociology --- Politics --- HC - ECONOMIC HISTORY AND CONDITIONS --- Income distribution --- Middle class --- Bourgeoisie --- Commons (Social order) --- Middle classes --- Social classes --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Social conditions --- E-books --- Income distribution. --- Middle class.